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Parasitism is a type of persistent long-term biological interaction that occurs almost in all animal species, between the host and the parasite. Parasites feed on live hosts and have a significant negative influence on the host’s health. Contrary to commensalism and mutualism, a parasitic connection causes harm to the host. Parasites either feed on their hosts or, as is the case with intestinal parasites, consume some of their food in order to survive. For reason they interact with other species, parasites are easily able to spread disease-causing diseases. Parasitology is the subject dealing with the morphology, taxonomy,biology, behavior, life cycles, pathogenicity, medicine, ecology, physiology, organic chemistry, genetics, and molecular biology of a wide range of parasitic groups Parasites could infect the channel tracts or circulatory systems of their
hosts, they will invade completely different tissues and organs or will survive the external surfaces of their hosts. Several infections are also symptomless whereas others could cause acute or chronic clinical diseases that can be mild to fatal and
cause severe loss of productivity. Therefore, the fight against parasites is necessary through the implementation of anti-parasitic formulations either natural or manmade to enhance productivity and profitability. Parasitic invasions should be taken a back after the formulation of strategies to eradicate the harmful effects of parasites that pose major havoc on animal health and hygiene apart from reducing the nutrient contents of meat in the form of food. Fish are one of the major hosts of parasitic infestations that reduce the economic value of fish, compromised nutritional demand, malnourishment that will ultimately show a huge impact on human resources and our country’s economic growth. Therefore, people should be properly educated about parasite transmission risks in fish, when the raw or slightly uncooked parasitized fish are eaten the nematode parasites may be transmitted to the consumers. Some remedial measures should be incorporated according to the prevalence, geographical or seasonal distribution of parasites in the fish and may include anti-parasitic drugs, immunizations, development of disease resistance fish livestock, breaking off the transmission cycle, sanitation, and regulated release of toxic substances which
are the harbor of parasites in the fishing areas. Overall, a targeted approach can be taken for the sustainable utilization of our natural resources and enhancement of nutritive value through a healthy food chain in the ecosystem.

It is exciting to study protozoan and helminth parasites since they may parasitize a variety of hosts, including plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. A parasite’s relationship with its host is intricate and dynamic. In biological disciplines such as
growth and reproduction, biochemistry, immunology and pathology, medicine, and veterinary sciences, understanding protozoan and helminth parasites and how they influence their hosts is important information that may be gained through studying parasitology. Veterinary parasitology is the study of the links and interactions between parasites and their animal hosts, as well as the anatomy, life cycles, and environmental requirements of parasites. Both domestic and wild animal parasites are taken into consideration, with an emphasis on how parasitoses form and spread inside their hosts. Utilizing collected observations, the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of animal parasitoses are developed to advance veterinary practice, enhance animal breeding, and enhance public health. Protozoa, which are unicellular parasites, as well as multicellular parasites like helminths and arthropods are complicated in terms of their antigens and biochemistry, life cycles, and the illnesses they cause. In the course of their existence, parasitic organisms often go through a number of developmental phases that entail adjustments to their structure, biochemistry, and antigenic constituents. The larval stages of several helminths have little similarity to the adult stages (for example, those of tapeworms and flukes), and few of these infections convert from asymptomatic conditions to life-threatening diseases. The term “zoonotic infections” refers to a variety of parasite conditions that spread from animals to people and may or may not be disease-like in humans. The present text discusses the diversity, prevalence, morphology, seasonal variations, bio-systematics and taxonomy, and histopathology of a wide range of
parasitic groups including protozoan parasites of primates of cave habitat, cestode parasites in domestic foul, ecto- and endo- parasites of desi fowl and livestock, helminth parasites like trematode and acanthocephalan parasites and microsporidian
infection from the freshwater fish, tapeworms in goat, entomopathogenic nematodes against insect pests, plant parasitic nematodes on economically important vegetables. Some parasites revealed the presence of free amino proteins in a vertebrate host such as fish as an important parameter of biochemical and molecular characterization of distinct infesting species. Advanced multi-omics approach, comparative study of molecular and biochemical parameters of parasites of vertebrate host helped out in apt understanding parasite biology. Apart from the basic works of identification, characterization, diversity, and prevalence, an attempt has also been made to characterize and introduce the roles of animal metabolic products as a potential source of anthelminthic, such as the Honey Bee Venom. In another study, it is revealed that the presence of greater wax moths in honey bee colonies gives an idea of pest management techniques in these economically important species. Comparatives data on the estimations of reducing and non-reducing sugars in healthy and infected honey bee colonies distinguishes the productivity level of these animal groups and make us aware of the harmful effects of parasitic or entomo-pathogenic infestations. Some vector diseases have been equally given importance in lieu of their pathogenicity impact
on holistic health such as lymphatic filariasis in humans in endemic regions of North India. Insight into the mosquito larvicidal and non-target effects of plant-derived seed extract-mediated silver nanoparticles provide a remedial measure for these diseases of concern. In another attempt, the anthelmintic activity of medicinal plants has been perused and evaluated against sheep nematodes of cold arid regions of India.